從目前百百種不同功能的乳酸菌、益生菌相關產品,可以看出益生菌和乳酸菌助於腸胃道健康,促進腸道菌種平衡。但益生菌和乳酸菌的差別為何?現今各式產品從吃到喝,五花八門標榜各種不同功能,還有許多菌種名稱及添加物等,讓人感到「霧煞煞」,不知到底該如何分辨,消費者難免產生疑問:乳酸菌和益生菌有差別嗎?
乳酸菌和益生菌差別在哪呢?
一般人常將益生菌與乳酸菌混為一談!簡單來說,益生菌和乳酸菌是對腸道有益的菌,能增進人的腸內微生態平衡,是正面效益增加健康的活性微生物。人體有80%的免疫細胞,分布於腸道,是人體最大的免疫器官,所以,腸道的健康與人體的免疫能力與健康息息相關!
「益生菌」是全部有益菌的總稱,包括很多菌種,含乳酸菌和酵母菌。益生菌中有90%幾乎都是乳酸菌,所以大家容易以為兩者是一樣的,但是乳酸菌只是益生菌裡的一種!簡單的說,益生菌就是一切好菌的廣義名詞。而乳酸菌是指能夠代謝醣類產生50%以上乳酸的細菌,菌種包括了乳酸桿菌(Lactobacillus)、鍵球菌(Streptococcus)、念球菌(Leuconostoc)等,是維護腸道健康的好菌種。乳酸菌活菌,不耐胃酸與膽鹽,如進入腸道後無法存活,也就無發揮助益!
乳酸菌和益生菌該怎麼選擇?
常見的乳酸菌種類,大致分為A菌嗜乳酸桿菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)、B菌比菲德氏菌(Bifidobacterium species)、C菌乾酪乳酸菌(Lactobacillus casei)、G菌鼠李糖乳酸桿菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG)、LP菌副乾酪乳感菌5種。像A菌可分泌乳酸、醋酸,維持腸內菌叢健康,主要助益小腸;C菌較耐酸和膽鹼,在腸道可存活15天;G菌有助於兒童異位性皮膚炎的狀況,但是對氣喘、過敏兒無效;而常聽到的B菌和LP菌,B菌因具有雙歧構造,可卡在腸道表面形成保護膜,有助於保護腸道,而LP菌則是眾所周知助於抗過敏,通常助於過敏的乳酸菌,需4-8周才有助益。
益生菌應多參考成分表中添加物,及其相關不同助益,量身為自己的需求多了解,例如:腹瀉、便秘、腸躁、大腸癌等不同狀態,選擇較有益於腸道健康的產品;助於血糖控制、口腔芬芳、改變細菌叢生態、滋補強身、促進代謝等。選購時需確認,菌種是否經嚴格試驗、安全無虞,多諮詢醫師、藥師其成分相關差異,或經醫生指示服用較佳!特別虛弱或免疫功能下降的消費者,必須經由醫師評估後再食用更為重要!
延伸閱讀
健康日記創辦人,深耕醫療保健領域長達8年,致力於提供大眾正確的健康、營養、醫療保健知識。秉持著實證科學的精神,汲取NCPI、PubMed、FDA與WHO等醫學權威網站中,有助於大眾健康之資訊,期望為全民健康盡一份心力。
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